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Bee Keeping



Facts


- practical management of the social species of honey bees
- live in large colonies of up to 100,000 individuals.
- All of the Apis mellifera sub-species are capable of inter-breeding and hybridizing
- The Langstroth was the first successful top-opened hive with movable frames
- Defensive bees are attracted to the breath, and a sting on the face can lead to much more pain and swelling than a sting elsewhere, while a sting on a bare hand can usually be quickly removed by fingernail scrape to reduce the amount of venom injected.

Urban beekeeping

Related to natural beekeeping, urban beekeeping is an attempt to revert to a less industrialized way of obtaining honey by utilizing small-scale colonies that pollinate urban gardens. Paris, Berlin, London, Tokyo and Washington, D.C., are among beekeeping cities. However it is banned in New York City and punishable with a $2,000 fine.[18] Urban beekeeping is most commonly practiced in areas that have a pesticide ban. This includes Paris, as well as 156 municipalities in Canada and 3 of 10 Canadian provinces.





Species


Desireable qualities:
  • disease and parasite resistance
  • good honey production
  • swarming behaviour reduction
  • prolific breeding
  • mild disposition

Castes

Queen Bee

Worker Bee

Laying worker bee

Drone


Material

Beehive

Square or rectangular; moveable wooden frames; they all consist of a floor, brood-box, honey-super, crown-board and roof. Hives have traditionally been constructed of cedar, pine, or cypress wood, but in recent years hives made from injection molded dense polystyrene have become increasingly important.

Hives also use queen excluders between the brood-box and honey supers to keep the queen from laying eggs in cells next to those containing honey intended for consumption. Also, with the advent in the 20th century of mite pests, hive floors are often replaced for part of (or the whole) year with a wire mesh and removable tray.

Protective clothing

The protective clothing is generally light coloured (but not colourful) and of a smooth material. This provides the maximum differentiation from the colony's natural predators (bears, skunks, etc.) which tend to be dark-colored and furry. 
- Novice beekeepers usually wear gloves and a hooded suit or hat and veil. Experienced beekeepers sometimes elect not to use gloves because they inhibit delicate manipulations. The face and neck are the most important areas to protect, so most beekeepers will at least wear a veil.
The 'stings' retained in the fabric of the clothing will continue to pump out an alarm pheromone that actually attracts aggressive action and further stinging attacks. Washing suits regularly, and rinsing gloved hands in vinegar will minimise attraction.

Smoker


Read

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeeping

To Read

Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeswax
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeeper
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_bee_life_cycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood_%28honey_bee%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_hive
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeycombs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worker_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_learning_and_communication
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarming_%28honey_bee%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laying_worker_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_%28bee%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_honey_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_honey_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mead
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckfast_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_extraction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langstroth_hive
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_bar_hive
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_smoker
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Beekeeping
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_extractor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topics_in_beekeeping
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_honey_bee_races
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_the_honey_bee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Honey_plants
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bee_products

Books

http://openlibrary.org/b/OL7148643M/practical_treatise_on_the_hive_and_honey-bee
'Natural Beekeeping' by Ross Conrad

Others

http://www.gobeekeeping.com
http://www.honeymoonapiaries.com/
http://www.britishbee.org.uk/
http://beehuman.blogspot.com/